Читаем Putin's Wars полностью

It was Sergey Stepashin, critical of the war in Chechnya, who, in an article in the Nezavisimaya Gazeta of January 14, 2000, revealed that this meeting was held.

7.

Cf. Emma Gilligan, Terror in Chechnya: Russia and the Tragedy of Civilians in War (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2010), 30.

8.

In a second article in Versiya in August 2000, the exact date of this meeting was given: July 4, 1999. (Quoted in Dunlop, “Storm in Moscow,” 40.)

9.

Martin Malek, “Russia’s Asymmetric Wars in Chechnya since 1994,” Connections 8, no. 4 (Fall 2009), 88.

10.

This version of a simulated Chechen attack on Dagestan finds support in a report by Florian Hassel, the Moscow correspondent for the Frankfurter Rundschau, who, in October 1999, met five Dagestani policemen who had briefly fought Basayev’s troops: “Basaev’s [Basayev’s] attack on Dagestan was apparently organized in Moscow,” said one policeman, Elgar, who watched the Chechens retreat from the village of Botlikh on September 11. “Basaev and his people went back comfortably in broad daylight with about 100 cars and trucks and many on foot. They used the main road to Chechnya, and were not fired at by our combat helicopters. We received express orders not to attack.” (Quoted in Dunlop, “Storm in Moscow,” 47.)

11.

Cf. Novaya Gazeta (February 14–20, 2000) and David Satter, Darkness at Dawn: The Rise of the Russian Criminal State (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003), 29–30.

12.

Sergey Topol and Nadezhda Kurbacheva, “Terakt predotvratil voditel avtobusa” (Bus Driver Prevented Terrorist Act), Kommersant (September 24, 1999). In March 2000, the Moscow Times wrote about a paratrooper, Alexei P. “While guarding a storehouse last fall, Alexei and his friend discovered hexagen [i.e., hexogen], the explosive that the Ryazan authorities say was found in the apartment building. The hexagen was in large sacks marked ‘sugar,’ and the soldiers said they broke one open hoping to be able to sweeten their tea. When their tea tasted strange, they informed their supervisors, who had the white powder tested. In the end, FSB officials sent from Moscow scolded the soldiers for ‘exposing state secrets,’ and advised them to forget what they had seen.” (Sarah Karush, “Hackers Attack Novaya Gazeta,” Moscow Times (March 16, 2000).)

13.

Cf. Patrick Cockburn, “Russia ‘Planned Chechen War before Bombings,’” The Independent (January 29, 2000).

14.

Giulietto Chiesa, “Terroristy tozhe raznye,” Literaturnaya Gazeta (June 16, 1999).

15.

Giulietto Chiesa, “Cecenia, l’invenzione di una Guerra,” La rivista del Manifesto no. 6 (May 2000).

16.

Chiesa, “Cecenia, l’invenzione di una Guerra.”

17.

Aleksandr Zhilin, “Burya v Moskve,” Moskovskaya Pravda (July 22, 1999). (Quoted in Dunlop, “Storm in Moscow,” 11.)

18.

Zhilin, “Burya v Moskve.”

19.

Zhilin, Aleksandr, and Grigory Vanin. “Burya v Moskve: Sushchestvuet li sekretnyy plan destabilizatsii obstanovki v stolitse?” (Storm in Moscow: Does There Exist a Secret Plan to Destabilize the Situation in the Capital?), Novaya Gazeta (November 18, 1999). (Quoted in Dunlop, “Storm in Moscow,” 12.)

20.

Yelena Tregubova, Baiki kremlevskogo diggera (Tales of a Kremlin Digger), (Moscow: Ad Marginem, 2003), 98–99.

21.

Sophie Shihab, “Qui a commis les attentats de 1999?” Le Monde (November 17, 2002).

22.

“Gennady Seleznev predupredili o vzryve v Volgodonske za tri dnya do terakta” (Gennady Seleznev Was Warned about the Explosion in Volgodonsk Three Days before the Terrorist Act), NEWSru.com (March 21, 2002).

23.

“Gennady Seleznev predupredili o vzryve v Volgodonske za tri dnya do terakta.”

24.

Helen Womack, “Russian Agents ‘Blew up Moscow Flats,’” The Independent (January 6, 2000).

25.

“Ya khochu rasskazat o vzryvakh zhilykh domov” (I Want to Talk about the Apartment Bombings), Novaya Gazeta (March 14, 2005).

26.

Quoted in Sarah Karush, “Hackers Attack Novaya Gazeta,” The Moscow Times (March 16, 2000).

27.