Читаем Putin's Wars полностью

Marie Jégo, “Le renouveau cosaque,” Le Monde (February 3–4, 2013).

16.

Vladimir Putin, “Being Strong: National Security Guarantees for Russia,” RT (February 20, 2012).

17.

Olivia Kroth, “Moscow Police Shall Revive the Great Cossack Tradition,” Pravda (November 20, 2012).

18.

Kroth, “Moscow Police Shall Revive the Great Cossack Tradition.”

19.

Sergey Israpilov, “Rossii neobkhodimo ‘Novoe kazachestvo,’” Krasnoyarskoe Vremya (December 17, 2012).

20.

Vladimir Putin, “Address to the Federal Assembly” (December 12, 2012).

21.

Steven Eke, “Russia’s Cossacks Rise Again,” BBC News (August 9, 2007).

22.

Eke, “Russia’s Cossacks Rise Again.”

23.

“The Patriarch on the Cossacks” (October 14, 2009), speech by Patriarch Kirill at the session of the Council for Cossack Affairs under the President of the Russian Federation in Novocherkassk on October 14, 2009. http://www.fondkazachestva.org/patriarcheng.htm.

24.

“The Patriarch on the Cossacks.”

25.

Max Seddon, “Russia Restores Cossacks to Positions of Power,” Times of Israel (November 28, 2012).

26.

Quoted in US Citizenship and Immigration Services, Resource Information Center (August 27, 1999).

27.

“Georgia/Russia: Use of Rocket System Can Harm Civilians,” Human Rights Watch (August 12, 2008).

28.

“Shashki nagolo: Donskie Kazaki gotovyatsya voevat v Yuznoy Osetii” (Swords drawn: Don Cossacks preparing themselves to fight in South Ossetia), Nezavisimaya Gazeta (August 6, 2008).

29.

“The Cossacks Return,” StrategyPage.com (September 17, 2010).

30.

“The Cossacks Return.”

31.

“The Cossacks Return.”

32.

Luke Harding, “Russia’s Cruel Intention,” The Guardian (September 1, 2008).

33.

Israpilov, “Rossii neobkhodimo ‘Novoe kazachestvo.’”

34.

Fatima Tlisova, “Kremlin Backing of Cossacks Heightens Tensions in the North Caucasus,” North Caucasus Analysis 9, no. 14 (April 10, 2008).

35.

Tlisova, “Kremlin Backing of Cossacks Heightens Tensions in the North Caucasus.”

36.

Quoted in Masha Lipman, “Putin’s Patriotism Lessons,” The New Yorker (September 24, 2012).

37.

Lipman, “Putin’s Patriotism Lessons.”

38.

Lipman, “Putin’s Patriotism Lessons.”

39.

Olesya Gerasimenko, “Kazak: eto ne natsionalnost, eto rytsar pravoslaviya” (A Cossack: this is not a nationality, this is a knight of the Orthodox religion), Kommersant Vlast no. 46 (November 19, 2012).

40.

Gerasimenko, “Kazak: eto ne natsionalnost, eto rytsar pravoslaviya.”

41.

Dorokhina, “Kratkiy kurs istorii kazachestva.”

42.

Kroth, “Moscow Police Shall Revive the Great Cossack Tradition.”

43.

“Russia’s Cossacks Take on New Foes in Moscow: Beggars, Drunks and Illegally Parked Cars,” Associated Press (November 27, 2012).

44.

“Cossacks Should Be Allowed to Flog Gays, Siberian Lawmaker Says,” Moscow News (July 5, 2013).

45.

http://www.kazakirossii.ru.

46.

Julia Smirnova, “Wie Russlands patriotische Kosaken Moskau erobern,” Die Welt (November 28, 2012).

47.

Lyudmila Alexandrova, “Russian Cossacks Want to Have More Say in Russia’s Social and Political Life,” Itar-Tass (November 26, 2012).

48.

Alexander Golts, “A Cossack Mafia in the Making,” Moscow Times (December 4, 2012).

49.

Golts, “A Cossack Mafia in the Making.”

50.

Golts, “A Cossack Mafia in the Making.”

Part III

The Wheels of War

Chapter 10

Three Lost Wars

From Afghanistan to the First Chechen War

Over the past sixty-five years—not counting the armed interventions of the Warsaw Pact in Hungary (1956) and Czechoslovakia (1968)—the Soviet Union/Russia has fought five wars:

The Cold War (1945–1989)

The War in Afghanistan (1979–1989)

The First Chechen War (1994–1996)

The Second Chechen War (1999–2009)

The war with Georgia (2008)

The first three wars were lost; the last two were won. The two last wars were Putin’s wars: these military actions were carefully prepared, meticulously planned, and ruthlessly conducted by the Putin regime. Why did Putin succeed where his predecessors failed? What are the differences between these wars? And—an even more important question—what role does war play in Putin’s overall strategy? I will try to answer these questions here and in the following chapters.

The Cold War: Containment Versus Expansionism