Читаем Superabundance полностью

a. The Conference Board presents the Chinese data in two series, China (Alternative) and China (Official). The former is based on alternative growth estimates, while the latter is based on official data. We use the China (Alternative) series. For more information on the Conference Board’s alternative growth measures for China, please refer to https://www.conference-board.org/pdf_free/FAQ-for-China-GDP-vs4_10nov15.pdf.

Appendix 9. The World Bank 37: country and territory perspective (1960–2018)

1960 GDP per hour worked ($)

2018 GDP per hour worked ($)

Percentage change 1960–2018 GDP per hour worked

Percentage change time price World Bank 37 index

World Bank 37 commodities personal resource abundance multiplier

Percentage change in personal resource abundance 1960–2018

Compound annual percentage growth rate in personal resource abundance

Years to double personal resource abundance

Australia

2.28

66.15

2,806

−82.1

5.60

460

3.01

23.3

Austria

0.93

62.97

6,639

−92.3

12.97

1,197

4.52

15.7

Belgium

1.67

72.32

4,243

−88.0

8.36

736

3.73

18.9

Brazil

0.27

10.35

3,690

−86.3

7.30

630

3.49

20.2

Canada

2.91

52.97

1,718

−71.4

3.50

250

2.18

32.1

Chile

0.72

18.04

2,392

−79.2

4.80

380

2.74

25.6

Chinaa

0.08

9.18

10,797

−95.2

20.98

1,998

5.39

13.2

Colombia

0.41

7.28

1,688

−71.0

3.44

244

2.15

32.5

Denmark

1.55

84.91

5,368

−90.5

10.53

953

4.14

17.1

Finland

1.15

65.45

5,568

−90.8

10.91

991

4.21

16.8

France

1.47

65.12

4,326

−88.3

8.52

752

3.76

18.8

Greece

0.54

25.41

4,562

−88.9

8.98

798

3.86

18.3

Hong Kong

0.45

43.30

9,507

−94.6

18.49

1,749

5.16

13.8

Ireland

0.76

99.51

12,960

−96.0

25.14

2,414

5.72

12.5

Italy

0.89

47.42

5,256

−90.3

10.31

931

4.10

17.2

Japan

0.43

42.26

9,774

−94.7

19.01

1,801

5.21

13.7

Mexico

0.60

10.27

1,623

−69.8

3.32

232

2.09

33.5

Netherlands

1.40

68.67

4,796

−89.4

9.43

843

3.94

17.9

Norway

1.67

108.94

6,433

−92.0

12.58

1,158

4.46

15.9

Peru

0.35

6.90

1,858

−73.5

3.77

277

2.31

30.3

Portugal

0.43

26.27

6,002

−91.5

11.75

1,075

4.34

16.3

Singapore

0.63

43.91

6,884

−92.6

13.44

1,244

4.58

15.5

South Korea

0.24

29.32

12,290

−95.8

23.85

2,285

5.62

12.7

Spain

0.46

42.69

9,194

−94.4

17.89

1,689

5.10

13.9

Sweden

2.17

67.37

3,009

−83.3

5.98

498

3.13

22.5

Switzerland

1.74

88.30

4,984

−89.8

9.79

879

4.01

17.6

United Kingdom

1.42

52.50

3,588

−85.9

7.10

610

3.44

20.5

United States

4.04

73.64

1,721

−71.5

3.51

251

2.19

32.1

Average

0.77

23.65

2,960

−79.6

5.89

489

3.10

22.7

Source: Authors’ calculations.

Note: Eur. = Europe; GDP = gross domestic product; Hong Kong = Hong Kong SAR, China.

a. The Conference Board presents the Chinese data in two series, China (Alternative) and China (Official). The former is based on alternative growth estimates, while the latter is based on official data. We use the China (Alternative) series. For more information on The Conference Board’s alternative growth measures for China, please refer to https://www.conference-board.org/pdf_free/FAQ-for-China-GDP-vs4_10nov15.pdf.

Appendix 26. Population resource cost, 18 data sets

Data set

Range

Years

Items in the data set

Percentage change in time prices

Time prices in end-year with start year indexed to 1.0

Population in end-year with start-year indexed to 1.0

Total costs start-year

Total costs end-year

Basic 50

1980–2018

38

50

−71.6

0.284

1.71

1.00

0.486

World Bank 37

1960–2018

58

37

−83.0

0.170

2.52

1.00

0.428

Jacks’s 40 blue-collar

1900–2018

118

40

−96.1

0.039

4.30

1.00

0.170

Jacks’s 40 unskilled

1900–2018

118

40

−93.6

0.064

4.30

1.00

0.274

Jacks’s 26 blue-collar

1850–2018

168

26

−98.3

0.017

14.22

1.00

0.243

Jacks’s 26 unskilled

1850–2018

168

26

−96.4

0.036

14.22

1.00

0.511

U.S. food prices blue-collar

1919–2019

100

42

−91.2

0.088

3.12

1.00

0.276

U.S. food prices unskilled

1919–2019

100

42

−87.8

0.122

3.12

1.00

0.380

U.S. finished goods blue-collar

1979–2019

40

35

−72.3

0.277

1.44

1.00

0.400

U.S. finished goods unskilled

1979–2019

40

35

−70.9

0.291

1.44

1.00

0.420

U.S. finished goods upskilling

1979–2019

40

35

−87.7

0.123

1.44

1.00

0.177

U.S. cosmetic procedures blue-collar

1998–2018

20

19

−31.0

0.690

1.19

1.00

0.820

U.S. cosmetic procedures unskilled

1998–2018

20

19

−25.9

0.741

1.19

1.00

0.881

U.S. cosmetic procedures upskilling

1998–2018

20

19

−70.5

0.295

1.19

1.00

0.351

Simon-Ehrlich 1980–1990

1980–1990

10

5

−54.8

0.452

1.20

1.00

0.541

Simon-Ehrlich 1980–2018

1980–2018

38

5

−57.3

0.427

1.71

1.00

0.731

Simon-Ehrlich 1900–2018 blue-collar

1900–2018

118

5

−89.2

0.108

4.30

1.00

0.465

Simon-Ehrlich 1900–2018 unskilled

1900–2018

118

5

−82.6

0.174

4.30

1.00

0.749