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38. Ibid., 101.

39. Abrahams, Jewish Life, 331.

40. Marcus, 44.

41. Cambridge Medieval History, VII, 657.

42. Baron, II, 29.

43. Lea, Inquisition in the Middle Ages, II, 379.

44. Graetz, 109-10.

45. Thompson, Economic and Social History, 214.

46. Kastein, J., History and Destiny of the Jews, 321.

47. Janssen, II, 78.

48. Ibid., 76.

49. Jew. Encyc., III, 554.

50. Graetz, 302-7.

51. Ibid., 513.

52. Ibid., 515.

53. Ibid., 52071.

54. Ibid., 523.

55. Prescott, W. H., History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, I, 517; Abbott, 191.

56. Burckhardt, J., Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, 488.

57. Sombart, W., The Jews and Modern Capitalism, 17.

58. Finkelstein, 240.

59. Roth, Jewish Contribution, 210.

60. Graetz, 500.

61. Ibid., 515.

62. Ibid., 525-7.

63. Ibid., 567; Pastor, XIV, 271-4.

64. Abbott, 203; Abrahams, Jewish Life, 67.

65. Pastor, XIV, 274.

66. Abbott, 204; Robertson, W., History of the Reign of Charles V, I, 206-7.

67. Pastor, i.e.

68. Graetz, 361-2.

69. Ibid.

70. Ibid., 356.

71. Robertson, W., Charles V, I, 207.

72. Burton, R. F., The Jew, the Gypsy, and El Islam, 65.

73. Graetz, III, 511.

74. Durant, W., Age of Faith, 375.

75. Finkelstein, 229.

76. Abrahams, Jewish Life, 160.

77. Abbott, 202.

78. Marcus, 170 f.

79. Abrahams, I., Chapters on Jewish Literature, 226.

80. Waxman, II, 258.

81. Jew. Encyc., XII, 404.

82. Baron, II, 132.

83. Husik, I., History of Medieval Jewish Philosophy, 360; Waxman, 256.

84. Jew. Encyc., VIII, 29.

85. Baron, 85.

CHAPTER XXXIII

1. Mattingly, G., Catherine of Aragon, 109.

2. Agricola, De re metallica, 99, 100.

3. Ibid., xiii, 46-7, 52.

4. Usher, 274.

5. Toynbee, A., A Study of History, IX, 365-6.

6. Erasmus, «Diversoria,» in Colloquies, I, 288 f.

7. Merchant of Venice, III, iv, 271.

8. Smith, Reformation, 473.

9. Froude, Edward VI, 41-2; Marx, Capital, 808.

10. Smith, Reformation, 554-5.

11. Ibid., 469.

12. Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologica, II Ilae, lxvi, 7; cxviii, 1.

13. Lacroix, Manners, Customs, and Dress during the Middle Ages, 479.

14. Camb. Mod. Hy, II, 436.

15. Kesten, Copernicus, 33.

16. Coulton, Medieval Village, 338.

17. Lecky, Rationalism, II, 113.

18. Hackett, Francis I, 406.

19. Smith, Reformation, 483.

20. Beard, Luther, 126.

21. Froude, Edward VI, 2.

22. Pollard, Henry VIII, 432.

23. Armstrong, Charles V, I, 59.

24. Starkey, Thos., Dialogue between Reginald Pole and Thomas Lupset, London, 1871, in Allen, Political Thought, 149.

25. Smith, Erasmus, 27.

26. Bakeless, Tragicall Hy of Christopher Marlowe, 50.

27. Friedländer, Roman Life and Manners, II, 93.

28. Janssen, XI, 239.

29. Brantôme, Lives of Gallant Ladies, 65,68.

30. Maulde, 391.

31. Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1151.

32. Janssen, XI, 233.

33. Lacroix, II, 1162 f.

34. Brantôme, 133.

35. Lacroix, II, 1189.

36. Smith, Reformation, 321

37. Erasmus, Colloquies, I, 342.

38. Rabelais, iii, 48.

39. Ascham, The Scholemaster, 50.

40. In Smith, Reformation, 412.

41. Turner, Hy of Courting, 45-7; Briffauk, The Mothers, III, 415; Smith, Modern Culture, I, 531.

42. Sichel, Catherine de’ Medici, 6.

43. Cf. Lippmann, W., The Public Philosophy, 117.

44. Cf. O’Brien, Economic Effects of the Reformation, 75.

45. Schapiro, Social Reform, 31.

46. Ibid.

47. Froude, Edward VI, 166.

48. Maulde, 66.

49. Sichel, Women, 230.

50. O’Brien, 55.

51. Janssen, III, 367.

52. Froude, Edward VI, 69.

53. Prescott, Mary Tudor, 327.

54. Froude, i.e.

55. Smith, Reformation, 559.

56. Ashley, II, 369.

57. Ibid., 342.

58. Watson, F., Luis Vives, 61.

59. Froude, Henry VIII, II, 372.

60. Lecky, Hy of European Morals, II, 54.

61. Ibid., 55.

62. Janssen, IV, 60 f.

63. Werke (Erlangen), I, 14, in Maritain, Three Reformers, 186.

64. O’Brien, 51, transposed.

65. Janssen, VI, 275; Smith, Luther, 416.

66. Janssen, VII, 301.

67. Lea, Auricular Confession, III, 428.

68. Calvin, Preface to the Geneva Catechism.

69. Lang, Hy of Scotland, II, 402.

70. Froude, Edward VI, 265.

71. Traill, III, 160.

72. Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1213-4.

73. Maulde, 217.

74. Schaff, Swiss Reformation, 722.

75. Wright, Thos., Womankind in Western Europe, 325.

76. Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1205.

77. Ibid., 1204.

78. Allen, P. S., Age of Erasmus, 203-4; Smith, Reformation, 510.

79. Wright, Thos., Domestic Manners, 491.

80. Coulton, Social Life, 376; Medieval Panorama, 313.

81. Baedeker, Munich, 12.

82. Huizinga, Waning of Middle Ages, 289.

83. Smith, Reformation, 500,

84. Wright, Domestic Manners, 485-8.

85. In Nock & Wilson, Rabelais, 41.

86. In Bainton, Here I Stand, 343.

87. Rashdall, Universities, III, 422.

88. In Lacroix, Manners, 241.

CHAPTER XXXIV

1. Sichel, Women, 246.

2. Lang, Music in Western Civilization, 300.

3. Einstein, A., The Italian Madrigal, I, 7.

4. Grove, Dictionary of Music and Musicians, III, 459.

5. Whitcomb, Literary Source Book of the German Renaissance, 22.

6. Grove, III, 254.

7. McKinney and Anderson, Music in History, 210.

8. Blok, II, 377.

9. Kiesewetter, Hy of Music, in Grove, III, 684.

10. Bainton, Here I Stand, 343.

11. McKinney, 303.

12. Guizot, Hy of France, III, 123.

13. Bainton, Here I Stand, 344.

14. Janelle, Catholic Reformation, 218.

15. Froude, Erasmus, 122.

16. Grove, IV, 20 f.